Global marketing mix of McDonalds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global marketing mix of McDonalds - Essay Example Reason for selecting this brand is that it employs a unique marketing mix that is based on quality of its product, store ambience, service quality and other parameters. This report will focus on the marketing mix of McDonalds. STEP 2. ANALYSIS OF THE BRAND AND IPT APPLICATION In this step, the marketing mix of McDonalds is analysed. A brief overview of the firm is provided followed by an analysis to assess if the marketing mix is standardised or adapted across international markets. Also discussed is the Internationalisation Process Theory - Uppsala theory for its international operations. 2.1. About McDonalds McDonalds operates in the restaurant sector and its products are fast food items, soft drinks, milk shakes, salads, breakfast, meals and other food items. In 2012, the firm had revenues of 27.56 billion USD. It has more than 34,000 outlets in 118 countries. It employs more than 1.7 million people in its stores and offices. Outlets are operated using different models of as an affiliate, franchisee and directly by the firm. The firm earns its income from royalties, rent, fees from franchises and from sale of food products. Franchise operators are monitored strictly for the service levels and to ensure that the brand image is not spoilt. Outlets have different styles such as counter service and drive-through/ walk through service. It has also opened McCafe, a cafe style of outlet that competes with Starbucks (McDonalds, 2013). 2.2. Assessing the7Ps of marketing mix The marketing mix is a marketing practice and business tool that helps to assess the brand's offer to customers. It combines a set of activities that the organisation must take up so that the target customers are identified and their needs satisfied (Albaum and Duerr, 2011). The earlier marketing mix consisted of the 4Ps and these were called as product, price, place and promotion. For service firms, that offer specific products, another 3 Ps were added to form the 7Ps of marketing mix. These extra Ps are people, performance and processes. For this paper, the 7Ps of marketing for McDonalds is discussed (De Mooij, 2010). Since the global branding practices are under discussion, the efforts of McDonalds in overseas markets is also analysed to assess the consistency of its business practices. 2.2.1. Product Product is a tangible and main offering of a firm and it generates revenue through sale of its products. For a firm to succeed, the product mu st have a unique selling proposition and it must be difficult for others to copy. Product is made of the core product and augmented products and these are packed together to increase the portfolio range. International firms must ensure that there is consistency in product offerings in terms of quality, taste, appearance and delivery (Anderson and Buvik, 2002). McDonalds offers the same range of products across all its outlets. In almost every location, one would see burgers, fries and these are the core products, augmented by milkshakes, coffee and ice creams. Thus, there is sufficient breadth and depth as indicated in the following figure. However, some amount of localisation is done since pork is not served in Middle East and Muslim nations and beef is not served in India. In addition, products in Asia are spicier than similar products in western nations (Vignali, 2010). Thus, McDonalds has standard products that are adapted to suit local conditions. Figure 2.1 Product range of Mc Donalds (Vignali, 2010) 2.2.2. Price Price refers to the money a customer's pays to procure the product. While lower prices could increase sales, it lowers public perception of the product quality besides reducing earnings. Higher price would keep people away (Andrews and Kim, 2007). Since

Exploring Sexuality with William Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Exploring Sexuality with William Shakespeare Essay The presence of homoerotic references in the works of William Shakespeare was a direct result of the Elizabethan attitude towards sex during the English Renaissance. Within the privacy of the sonnets, Shakespeare could effusively express a passion that the Elizabethan Era, with its social mores, stifled greatly as it frowned upon homosexuality. Given the freedom to express himself uninhibitedly, Shakespeare cast aside the homophobia of his age and inscribed love sonnets for another male, Mr. W. H. This unrestricted honesty created great tension and drama between Shakespeare and his adversary, the dark lady as well as fueling some of the greatest love poems of all time. Over hundreds of years, it comes to no surprise that many scholars have found the sonnets effective in revealing insight into the biography of William Shakespeare. The emotional pressure contained in many of the sonnets and the fact that many, if not all, are dedicated to a man named ? Mr. W. H. , provide important clues to Shakespeares life. It begins with the sonnets dedication, a passage written by Shakespeare that opens a world of controversy amongst scholars. The dedication runs as follows: To. The. Only. Begetter. Of These. Ensuing. Sonnets. Mr. W. H. All. Happiness. And. That. Eternity. Promised. By. Our. Ever. Living. Poet. Wisheth. The. Well. Wishing. Adventurer. In. Setting. Forth. T. T. (Shakespeare, 1490) The initials T. T. at the conclusion of the dedication refer to Thomas Thorpe, the original publisher of the sonnets (http://andrejkoymasky. com/liv/sha/sha00. html). However, one question remains, who is Mr. W. H? During the English Renaissance, it was customary for members of high social standings to hire established writers and poets to create masterful love sonnets and other works of literature for their entertainment. For a large portion of his adult life, Shakespeare spent his time writing sonnets for an upper class family, specifically for a young man (Rowse, 96). The beginning sonnets describe a ? lovely youth and it is believed that over time, Shakespeares sonnets became more personal as the relationship between him and his patron intensified. Scholars have professed that this patron could in fact be the only begetter of the sonnets, Mr.  W. H, or William Hughes. The majority of the sonnets were written between 1593 and 1596, however, they were not published until 1609 and then further edited in 1640, long after Shakespeares death (Auden, 86). The randomness of their order leads scholars such as Northrop Frye to question their validity in accurately capturing real life happenings (Fleperin, 96). The publisher who replicated the sonnets in 1640 actually changed the pronouns in sonnets 15 through 126 to make it seem as if the poems were addressed to a woman. The question now at hand is; are the feelings expressed in the sonnets a celebration of homosexual love? And if so, how could such feelings emerge in a time where homosexuality had no place in social life (Taylor, 39)? The sixteen hundreds were a time of strict values and high standards of living. At this time, embracing sexuality was not encouraged and questioning ones sexuality was not an option. During the English Renaissance it was common for men to wear their hair long and dress in silks and ruffles (Taylor, 45). World renowned professor, Edward Hubler, published his book, The Sense of Shakespeares Sonnets, in which he points out the Elizabethan men used the term lover between men without embarrassment (Hubler, 17). Author C. L. Barber, in his essay on Shakespeares Sonnets, reminds us that the suppressed roles of women in Elizabethan society kept them out of the theater, forcing men to play the roles of women in many of Shakespeares productions at the Globe Theater. This openness is most attributed to Shakespeares sexual curiosity, and because his masculinity was never in doubt, his sexual awakening quickly progressed. To truly grasp Shakespeares feelings for Mr. W. H, we must refer to sonnet twenty, which is the first in the series to address the mysterious love affair. Despite the fact that male friendships were openly affectionate, the sonnets powerful emotions are indicative of a deeper love (Cross, 1,490). Line two of the poem describe the subject as the master-mistress of his passion. Right away we sense a conflict between the love for a man and the love for a women. Shakespeare makes it known in lines eight and nine of the sonnet, that W. H was in fact created for a womans love and affection, telling his readers that his subject is male. Further into the poem he describes his acceptance of that fact that he was defeated by nature, but continues to acknowledge their love (Cross, 1,4940). Shakespeares persistence in his attempt to win over the heart of his acquaintance is noted in sonnets 135-137 (Cross, 1511,1512). It is here that Shakespeare emphasizes the name ? Will as seen in italics in nearly every line. It is at this point in the series where it is suspected that the poets love for W. H is being threatened by a woman. In attempts to re-establish the ? dark lady in relation to Mr. W. H, scholars have studied specific sonnets in which her character is revealed. We find that the twenty-five sonnets dedicated to a woman, the dark lady, dwell on her imperfections and falsehoods (Barber, 16). For example, in sonnet 127, Shakespeare devotes his energy to expressing a lower love toward the woman and a higher love toward the man. It is not until the later sonnets that Shakespeare begins to feel threatened by the dark lady, and begins to depict a competition for the heart of W. H. In sonnet 138, Shakespeare is almost trying to convince W. H that this woman could never love him in the manner that he was willing to (Cross, 1,870). Shakespeares main concern, in the midst of anguished humiliation, is to keep the mans love, not the womans. Shakespeares inner conflict expressed in his works evidently developed during a time when his life, outside of the ? dark lady and W. H, was relatively normal, and this is another reason as to why the sequence of the sonnets is so important. As we know, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway in 1582. She gave birth to his children soon after. Was this heterosexual fantasy life all a cover up for the love he shared with W. H? Because no one has been able to figure out the correct order of the sonnets we will never know precisely when these love affairs took place. To label Shakespeare a homosexual would be ignorant, only because the consummation of the love between the poet and his muse was never proven. We can only base our knowledge of his curiosity on the contents of the sonnets, and with that we can gather that Shakespeare was involved in affairs, not necessarily physical, with both a young man, Mr. W. H, and a reticent woman, the Dark Lady. The conflict involving these two characters sparked the fire that fueled the ingenious works of one of the greatest poets of all time, Mr. William Shakespeare. Auden, W. H. Lectures on Shakespeare. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 2000. Bloom, Harold. Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human. New York: Riverhead Books. 1998. Cross, Wilbur, L. The Yale Shakespeare. New York: Barnes and Noble Books. 1993. Hubler, Edward. The Sense of Shakespeares Sonnets. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 1952 Hugh, Calvert. Shakespeares Sonnets and Problems of Autobiography. Braunton: Merilin Books, 1987. Holland, Norman. Psychoanalysis and Shakespeare. New York: McGraw Hill Book Company. 1966 Pitt, Angela. Shakespeares Women. New Jersey: Barnes and Noble Books. 1981 Rowse, A. L. The Elizabethan Renaissance: The Life of the Society. New York: Charles Scribers Sons. 1971. Taylor, Gary. Reinventing Shakespeare. New York: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 1989. Internet Sources http://www. onlineshakespeare. com/sonnetsabout. htm http://andrejkoymasky. com/liv/sha/sha00. html http://infopt. demon. co. uk/shakespe. htm http://www. shakespeares-sonnets. com/wilde. htm http://aspirations. english. com. ac. uk/converse/essays/cgonda/loves. acds http://eserver. org/emc/1-2/halpern. html.

Implementation of Data Protection Act in Childcare

Implementation of Data Protection Act in Childcare Unit 5 Choose and evaluate four of the 8 Data protection Act principles, providing examples of how these would be implemented in a child care setting. Data should be fairly and lawfully processed. This means data collected must be obtained legally and without any deceit. The child care setting will require written consent from each individual’s child’s parents/ guardian/ carer in order for personal data to be collected and processed. In this respect it will be taken that consent is implied through the following: Clients – by the parent/ carer who signs the registration forms and appropriate consent forms as a ‘contract for nursery care’ for their child/ children. Employees – by completing the job application form at onset of employment, and where the employee has not registered an objection to their data being used. Good explanation. Personal data shall be adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the purpose or purposes for which they are processed. This is the third data protection principle. In practice, it means you should ensure that: You hold personal data about an individual that is sufficient for the purpose you are holding it for in relation to that individual, and you do not hold more information than you need for that purpose. You should identify the minimum amount of personal data you need to properly fulfil your purpose. Child carer should identify the minimum amount for children of personal data they need to properly fulfil their purpose. They should hold that much information but no more. This is part of the practice known as â€Å"data minimisation†. Personal data shall be accurate and where necessary kept up to date. This is the fourth data protection principle. Although this principle sounds straightforward, the law recognises that it may not be practical to double check the accuracy of every item of personal data you receive. So the Act makes special provision about the accuracy of information that individuals provide about themselves or that is obtained from third parties In a child care setting, every child care provider shall keep current records of child and family information for each child enrolled during the period of enrolment and for a period of at least two years after discharge, which shall include All child information Parent information Telephone number of the parent or guardian while the child is attending the child care centre Name, address and telephone number of a person designated by the parent or guardian to be contacted in the event of an emergency if the parent or guardian is not available Records of any medical, physical, developmental or emotional conditions relevant to the care of the child Each childs Manitoba Health registration and personal health identification numbers and name of the childs physician Where applicable, copies of separation agreements, court orders or other documents setting out custody arrangements for each child. Parents to keep carer updated with any change of personal change i.e. change of address, divorce, separation, etc. Child care regulations require attendance reports to be kept and available for inspection for a period of two years. However, centres are advised to consider keeping attendance reports longer for other purposes, such as income tax To comply with these provisions child carer should: Take reasonable steps to ensure the accuracy of any personal data they obtain. Ensure that the source of any personal data is clear carefully consider any challenges to the accuracy of information and consider whether it is necessary to update the information. You could also recognise here, the importance of accurate and up-to-date child information records. Data should be securely stored Personal data and records will be maintained under appropriate conditions of security to prevent any unauthorised or accidental disclosure. Records can be hard copy (paper) format and computer files. Particular attention is paid to the following aspects of the record storage. Hard copy file. Identification of storage; Identification of those employees authorised to have access. Computer file: Password- protection for access to sensitive data files: Who is authorised to have knowledge of these passwords Back up, control and management of what are essentially copies of personal data. In child care setting when personal data is being processed, staff will take reasonable precautions to prevent sighting of data by unauthorised persons: Record files are locked away when are not in use. Where practical computer screens should be tilted towards the user and away from the general office environment; Computers are not left on when not in use to secure the children delete the recording data or either the carer should put separate computer special for children. Good. Evaluate the need for accurate, legible and up to date record keeping, and identify the consequences of non-compliance. It is important to keep records which are up to date to provide accurate, current, comprehensive and concise information concerning the condition and the care required for all individuals. Accurate, legible and up to date record keeping provide the basic for planning and help to insure that children’s natural desire to discover, explore and learn are supported and encouraged. Keeping goods record help staff and carer to see a picture of the whole child over a period of time and understand children as part of a family and as member of the community, also will help other member to carry on if the key person is absent Record should be kept in a clear and logical manner, using clear language that can be understood. Accurate information needs to be recorded so that parents can pass this on to HMRC for the calculation of tax and benefits that they are entitled to. From a healthy and safety accurate records are necessary to insure that correct medication is administered when necessary for children and that allergy information and special requirements are adhered to. A good point. Legibility is also needed because is important from a financial perspective, to insure that correct information is submitted to the HMRC for tax purposes. All records which are produced weather written or electronic must be signed and dated, they must also be stored correctly in accordance with that data protection act 1998. It is vital that records are kept up to date, as this ensures that the individual’s needs are being met, and may also help to reduce the likelihood of abuse. Service users must be involved and informed about any changes made within their personal records and care plan files; this may also include medical or social service records Effective record keeping by health care workers can also ensure that a high standard of health and social care is being provided within the working environment; all information written in files must be clear and relevant and must never be discussed outside of a working environment as this would again breach the customer confidentiality law, the law also states that if it’s not written down, then it never happened, so this is yet another reason as to why it is so important to keep up to date records, regarding an individual’s general health and well-being. It is important to keep the record information clearly so everyone who will ever need to have an access to them will not struggle to understand them or read them. Accurate and up-to-date recording is important especially when there is an emergency and the staff-in-charge is not available due to illness, vacation, resignation, etc. Good records and documentation will facilitate communication between service providers to ensure coordinated, rather than fragmented service. Consequences of non-compliance The record will not be easily searchable. If records are not update in child care setting child carer might be getting the wrong tests and wrong treatments to a child, if they werent accurate, they might get wrong medication dosage and if the writing isnt legible, the child care nurses would not be able to read and carry out the doctors orders. May not have backup unless copied on routine basis or carbon-copied. Requires legible handwriting Pages may fall out – this can be remedied by the use of reinforced whole paper. In child care setting is very important to keep the dada accurate, legible and up to date in case of any absent of someone, anyone in the setting can know exactly what to do as the records shown. Good, an important point discussed. . Explain the difference ways of recording digital and paper records in the child care setting Digital recording is the translation and transcription of sound into an on-off format (binary). This binary transcription is called a digital recording, and is done by an analogy to digital converter (ADC). A digital recording can be translated back into sound by computers and other playback devices. (This is a definition of a digital sound recording and is not necessary for this question) Ways of recording digital and paper records in the child care setting are:- Portable hard drives: This is a piece of equipment that sits outside of a computer or laptop on its own enclosure, the easiest way in child care setting is to use it for backup as it can be plugged in the computer and data recorded or saved onto it, this can be done by saving each individual file or folder for the children and stored securely in a closed cabinet or safe. Computer or laptop is also a digital recording means which used in almost every child care settings. Child carers are using computer program as record keeping devices to keep the record of children’s friendship groups, spontaneous play experiences, attendance records, and children academic progress records. These records can be used in mind mapping exercises to plan for children’s long term learning and development. Child care providers also using digital cameras to assist children to record their own activities or learning experiences when there in the setting. Other devices like USB flash drive and CDs are also used to record digital data in child care settings. These devices can be put together with child’s folder. USB Flash. CDs and DVDs Some centres still favour paper-based methods of recording information. This includes day-to-day snapshot recording done on Post-its. At the end of the session these are transferred into the child’s individual record or on to the planning sheet as a way of planning the following day’s activities, and to take account of individual children’s interests. Some centres adopt a ‘Plan do and review’ approach, and the children are encouraged to record their own interests or what they have done that morning on a large sheet of paper or on a whiteboard. This recording can be done on their behalf by an adult or they can draw their own picture. Child home book. A home book is a book that the child brings from nursery to home and then back again, and is a way of encouraging two-way dialogue. This is helpful for the staff and alerts them on how to prepare the child for whatever changes that are happening at home. For example, in Great ones Nursery the children go to their key worker at the end of the morning to review what they have enjoyed that day. Kylie tells her key worker that she really liked shining the torch through some coloured glass. The key worker writes this down. Timmy says he liked playing with the cars best and he draws a picture of a car to illustrate this point Identify the primary types of data storage for digital and paper records, and evaluate the best option for a home child care setting. Digital storage, would be stored on any normal computer hard drive, as well as backed up at least twice on external hard drives which are stored at various locations Media doesnt truly exist unless there are 3 copies You store these at different locations, stops the loss of data through theft and fire as its spread over locations. Encryption for digital files is also recommended, as it would then be far harder for any thief or unknown person to gain access to any saved data and media Source(s). Paper storage would obviously be in Ring binders or folders in plastic wallets and envelops marked with sticky labels for dates and times etc. sorted numerically. Files should be stored on their spine with the file pin at the bottom of the box. Where a file only consists of individual documents or items and they can be stored flat on the bottom of a box – take care not to stack too many items on top of one another or retrieval may be difficult and damage items at the bottom In a Home child care Settings a dedicated space must be appointed for storage of both digital and paper data storage. The folders or ring binders must be kept in a secured drawer or cabinet which is locker able and easily accessible. The computer and all other files are perfect in child care setting but should be in a specific room (Home Office) that not everybody can access them that is not required or associated with the childcare business this includes members of the family. Ether all are perfect for child care setting but paper records should not be stored on the top of shelving units. Files may be too close to ceiling lights and exposed to dust and in the event of fire, water damage from fire sprinklers. Aisles between shelving should allow easy access to, and transport of records. Suitably sized tables should be located near storage cabinets, so that staff can safely check the contents and retrieve items from boxes and drawers. Storage drawers should be clearly labelled with their contents so that items may be retrieved with a minimum of handling.

Response to On Going Home Essay -- Personal Essays

According to Joan Didion's essay "On Going Home", continuing changes in life makes it almost impossible to remove memories of one's past. Especially when one has been away from a previous home, which that person was raised, then return to that same home a number of years later. In a home which family and friends shared memories of events, news, gossip and situations, whether it be bad or good. Old artifacts and various family heirlooms in the home that stimulates a memory of those old times when used. Surrounding areas of that old home are remembered just as well also. Being in a new home makes the old memories even more missed. These may be the strongest influences in why memories are kept and remembered. When someone is away from their original home, meaning a home that the certain person was raised and grew up at, there is no doubt that the home will be missed. It would be forgotten but only at a certain extent. An extent that things will be remembered about that home every time someone relates something to it. But when a person is returned to that old home, like Didian, the memories are even more apparent than while away from home. Didain was overloaded with memories that were once forgotten. These memories are forgotten, and then quickly aroused with a simple touch, sight, smell or sound. People have different relations with memories and how they conceive them, but Didian makes it very apparent that these memories about a home that is missed and forgotten exists inside of us all. Physical items such as family heirlooms, "teacups"(Didian 373), or the condition of a house are strong reminders of past memories. Instead of a thought trying to relate one thing to another, an object can have it's own history. ... ...missed. Too much remembrance will definitely impair judgment and living conditions of one's present life. It should be very private and for one's thoughts only. Remembering past places once lived at and how much different the weather, conditions and surroundings were. People that a person used to interact with now will never have even remotely the same conversations that the same person used to with old family and friends. A piece of clothing, an eating instrument or even a musical instrument that were remembered will somewhat relate to an event that happened in the past. Just a few examples of how memories will never be forgotten. Memories will always be remembered, sometimes forgotten but always revived as a person's life changes. Works Cited Tropp, Sandra Fehl and Ann Pierson D'Angelo, editors. Essays in Context. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Main HRM procedures that have contributed to the success of a company Essay

Google has implemented HRM procedures that have contributed to the success of the company. Google is a website company that allows visitors to search for whatever information they need at the click of a mouse. Google was able to attract the best talents. Most of its employees were Intelligent people The founders, Larry Page an Sergei Brin were both computer science graduates. They bought large terabyte memory disk to hide their data. The following paragraphs explain in detail how Google’s HRM policies were instrumental in having a zero percent employee turnover for. Also, the next part explains the nuances of change to the organization and its employees. Both Larry and Sergei established a company where employees would have a fun place to work in. The offices were decorated with lava lamps and painted with bright colors of the Google Logo, In fact, the employees were allowed to bring their pets to their workplace. The employees were given free snacks, lunch an dinner made by chef Charlie Ayers. In addition, they Google office snack rooms included a variety of cereals, gumi bears, cashew nuts. These were complemented with a variety of fruit juices, soda and cappuccino. Likewise, there were sports facilities like table tennis, a pool table and a roller skating hockey. The company had regular roller skater hockeys with its employees. Further, there were other physical activity facilities like the work -out gym, a variety of video games. Both Larry and Sergei implemented the open communication method within the organization. All its employees could freely talk directly with their managers or top level officers anytime. The employees were encouraged to eat at the company cafeteria so that they could mingle and make friends with other employees of the company. Larry and Sergei believes that allowing the employees around 20% of their time doing projects that they chose make the employees feel important and independent –minded. In addition, the employees would discuss any and all topics whether relating to their work in Google or just simply trivial things during their lunch breaks in the Google cafeteria. The serious topics discussed in the Google canteen during their lunch breaks included topics on how to topple the competitors, the employees were grouped into teams where the leadership rotates among its members. The employees had every right to fix things if anything goes wrong without having to pass through the red tape that other companies’ The motto that Larry and Sergei instituted to the employees is that you are the boss, Don’t wait to take the hill. Don’t wait to be managed. Both Larry and Sergei offered big mouth –watering incentives for people who want to work in Google that included Hot award winning technology, intelligent, fun, high energy teammates, Great culture and amazing perks that include massage therapy and free all you can eat snacks. Employees were also backed by two VCs and they had free gourmet lunches served daily, start up environment with excellent benefits, stock options where the employees could buy stocks and become one of the many owners of Google. The employees were also given ample work above average work stations. The company is strategically located in Silicon Valley in the United States. One enticing message that google says when it invites smart students from top universities to work for them is that their ideas will help make a difference in this world. Google hires employees with diverse skills and qualities. The company sought employees that had broad knowledge and expertise in computer science and mathematics. Also, employees that were hired had to be world class programmers. In addition, its employees had to be excellent in terms of communication as well as organizational skills. The employees had to be passionate with their work and are great colleagues. Also, the employees chosen to work in Google had to be at ease working in a high –energy, unstructured environment on a very small project team to create amazing products for people using Google every day. Also, the employees had to have diverse interests and skills. In addition, hiring an estimated thirty percent of the entire Google work force on a contractual basis thereby is saving the company in terms of fringe benefits expenses. Google placed their wanted employees ads in theatres only. In addition, Google asks their employees to recommend their relatives and friends to work in Google. Fifty percent of the new employees were recommended by Google employees. For, each employee will be given $2,000 for each employee admitted into the company that were recommended by them. In addition, the Human Resource Department contacted the University Professors to give them the names of their best and brightest students for possible hiring in Google. Likewise, Google organized programming contests with prizes that reach $15,000 in order to tap the best minds in the programming industry. This included the Code Jam programming contests. The above are only some of the reasons why there is a zero turnover of employees in Google. Need theories. The human resource department must place emphasis on developing a learning culture in its employees. It means that the employees would attend human resource department sponsored seminars on learning how best to accomplish one’s job tasks. For, there is an increasing need for employees to learn new process of doing their jobs. In short, there is an increasing need for good mental functioning that includes both intellect achievement and emotional stability in terms of job performance. For, as members of the workforce become more educated and more mature, there is a need for more information to be used in decision making in terms of passing the company benchmarks. For Human resource theory here shows that the learning culture of the employees will promote the concept that the employees can expect to work in a small problem –solving team that will produce high quality products in less time possible. Meaning, the company that rewards its employees for their innovations and creativity is the organization that will stand whereas all their competitors have dissolved( Gayle, 1990) . Many Human Resource specialists today will value the well –trained middle –aged worker but will view the employee’s ability to perform more. For, terminations are costly alternatives because the human resource department has to spend time and money training the neophyte employees that have will replace the terminated old employees. Companies spend lots of money on the training of new employees or the retraining of old employees on new company processes. For, human resource specialists are facing personal demands that could impede the employee’s work performance or impair the organization’s progress. Thus, human resource specialists will need skills to provide rehabilitation of employees who need them. This can be accomplished through the teamwork of all departments in the entire organization. For, as the world’s economy evolves, the organization must keep up with the competition. This can be done by continuously changing how products are produced in the company. Basically, the company must feed what the customer wants. Meaning, as the customer’s wants changes, the company must change its products to fill the new needs of the customers. In this regard, the middle aged employee is continually bombarded with new ways of producing finished goods. The old employees must either keep in step or be retrenched. For the current economy is world based and borderless. The human resource department must train the old employees how to be cope with the information overload that affects his work. For efficient productivity and sound decision will be needed to compete in the international economy. Thus, the Human resource department must address such issues as training, rewarding, economic security, task design, job responsibility, employee benefits, retirements and others. This is brought about by the new automation and new technology of the twenty –first century (Waskel 1991, 16) The human resource department must be more serious today in their recruitment and retaining of key employees. Mortorola used the production data of each employee as a basis for the retaining or retrenchment of employees. For, Motorola’s theory is to spend as little as possible on its employees ( Henkoff 1991, 76). In hiring a new employee, an applicant could be given an on the job simulation and asks what he or she could do to improve the current workplace situation. Also, many managers select a prospective employee based on predetermined by Work descriptions. Further, the companies must recruit the best from many applicants for a job. This is the process used by Merck and Hewlett –Packard (Denton 1992, 14) Job design theories. Many Human Resource people despite the definitions of the functions to represent the ordinality, the ordinality of this scale does not work well as the things and the data scales. For there are two qualitatively different types of interpersonal relationships represented in the scale of subjective and objective. There are self –serving helping, coaching, treating and mentoring functions that express an emphatic, caring dimension in an informal and formal work environment (Fine, and Cronshaw 1999, 48). Goal setting, The employees are currently graded based on a benchmark commonly termed as goal setting. And, all employees work towards a common goal which is the reaching of the organization benchmark. This benchmark boils down to generating profits. In this regard, employees may be enticed to buy shares of stocks in the company so that they will feel that they are employees as well as owners. Also, many employees work better at achieving goals if they are educated or trained on how best to accomplish their jobs. Also, better goal setting will result to goal achievement if communication and feedback freely flows from subordinate to human resource department as well as the employee’s head (Thomas, and Maxwell 2001, 47). Leadership theories Employees who are loyal to their company usually lead the other employees to be more loyal to the company through example (hard work, overtime, achieving of production benchmarks) These leaders believe in the philosophy and benchmark of the organization. These leaders believe that they see performance as an obligation in order for the entire organization to succeed. Employee attachment to such leaders will translate to commitment to the organization. (Grant 1990, 57). Organizational change comes in terms of cultural, structural, redesign of jobs, introduction of new working practices, changes to grading and remuneration systems and changes to the modes of control. Also, different organizations have different intensities and time lines for these changes (Preece, Steven, and Steven 1999, 67) . Change occurs when the way things are done have been replaced by a new company process. Change should be done if the change will give added advantage to the company. A very strong reason to change to a new process is when the new machine bought produces more goods than the current machines used. Likewise, change should immediately be implemented if the company feels that the new machine or process produces better quality goods than the current machine used. Change can be done by first making a feasibility study as to whether the new process or machine will be more advantageous to the company than the current machines or processes are doing. Normally, many of the old employees would fight any changes to be implemented by the company. For change brings with it the learning of new ways of doing things. On the other hand, the younger employees would love the new process or machine because it brings with it a new working environment. The young employees can easily learn new tricks and processes. Naturally, the new machine will cause lost of jobs because the people used to working to the replaced machines will have the same job. To deal with this, the company could retrench these old employees and pay them a separation pay. However, a better way would be to transfer these ‘jobless’ employees to another department in the company to do another job type. This is good if the employee can easily learn the new job. In addition change can be smoothly implemented with the use of Total Quality Management and re –engineering introduction (Olson, and Eoyang 2001, 19). The conclusion is very positive. Google’s, founders Larry and Sergei were very instrumental in creating a zero percent employee turnover. Some of the reasons for this remarkable feat is the company’s free gourmet lunches and snacks, a free time for recreation activities and other fringe benefits. Also, The HRM must guide the old employees as they choose between retrenchment or reassignment to another job. For, nothing is constant but change. For, a company must innovate in order to keep up with the competition.

20 Psychology Dissertation Ideas That Will Work for You

20 Psychology Dissertation Ideas That Will Work for You In our first guide, 10 facts for dissertation on principles of psychology, we discussed ten credible facts about principles of psychology to help you write a better, more concise dissertation paper. In this second guide, you are provided with 20 dissertation ideas that will work for you, so that you can start writing fluently, without worrying about spending hours on research or evaluating what topic to choose. We have also included a sample based on one of the 20 Psychology dissertation ideas which would help you tremendously in writing an excellent dissertation paper. We highly recommend that you read our third and final guide as well, guide for a winner dissertation on principles of psychology, which rounds off the three-guide set nicely by helping you compose a successful dissertation on Principles of Psychology. After all, there’s no harm in gaining the respect and admiration of your professor. Without further ado, here are 20 topics on principles of psychology: Understanding the Most Famous Psychological Metaphor of James – Stream of Consciousness What’s the Main Perspective Shared by James-Lange Theory? The Perception of Human Habits According to the Studies of Psychology Does Free Will Exist? What do Psychologists Have to Say about it? The Influence and Perception of Principles of Psychology Pioneer Principles of Psychology that Changed the Whole Perception of How Humans See Their Consciousness Anonymous Fields of Psychology Besides Consultation, Hypnosis and Therapies What are the Respective Roles of Research-Psychologists and Psychologist-Practitioners? Why All Humans Are Considered Scientists According to Psychologists What is Psychobiology and Who was the Pioneer behind This Phenomenon? The Structure and Functions of the Brain as well as the Central Nervous System How Neural and Endocrinological Systems Work in Our Brain The Psychological Consequences of Stress and Depression How Stress can Cause Cardiovascular Diseases due to Lifestyle Behaviors or SNS Effects Aspects of Behavioral Psychology that Have Direct Applications in OHS How Organisms Learn about the Connections between Consequences, Behaviors and Situations What do Psychologists Mean by Positive Reinforcement and Punishment? Types of Reinforcements that are Readily Applicable in Workplace Situations The Development of Cognitive Psychology and its Role in the Field of Psychosis What is Personality Psychology and What Varieties of Approaches Have Proved Controversial? Great topics, were they not? If you are having trouble choosing a topic, consider choosing a topic which sounds simple, easy to write and one which you know something about. This would really help you save a lot of time. As promised, we have also included a sample which is written on one of the above topics, to ensure that you become fully aware of how a dissertation should be composed. Don’t forget to read our final guide, guide for a winning dissertation on principles of psychology; it’s a must read and should be read in order to make sure that you get the most out of these three guides. Without further ado, here is the sample: Sample Dissertation: What do Psychologists Mean by Positive Reinforcement and Punishment? We are all well aware of the scientific study on the mind and human behavior, which came to be known as Psychology. However, there are many methods, techniques and principles we don’t know yet. Two of the most commonly used methods of determining human behavior are positive reinforcement and punishment. These methods are most commonly used in Behavioral Psychology. The main objective is to condition the behavior of a particular human being or animal. Behavioral Psychology is interpreted as the study and psychology of learning and motivation. A research was conducted on hungry cats that were put in a closed box with a lever â€Å"to open the box†, so they could eat the food which was right outside the box. Even though initially, the cats responded as they normally do if they get stuck in a situation like, once they became aware of the fact that pulling the lever would open the box and allow them to eat the food – they adapted quickly. This kind of behavior that’s controlled by consequences, indicates that a stimulus (the box in this case) leads to a response (pulling of the lever for food delivery) which is then reinforced (adapting to ‘the pulling of the lever’ in order to eat the food). For example, when a child is told to behave well at the shopping mall while his parents shop and he follows the orders, he might receive a chocolate bar, which clearly is â€Å"positive reinforcement†. On the other hand, if the child misbehaves, he gets grounded at home: â€Å"punishment†. The concept of Behavioral Psychology has been heavily influencing many domains including education and health care. While Behavioral Psychology has allowed psychologists and psychiatrists to understand human psychology better, it becomes a little problematic when behaviorism is taken to its full extent. However, it’s been an effective treatment for some disorders and has helped explain behavioral connections along with increasing and decreasing the likelihood of particular behaviors. While behaviorism can be a little too dangerous when it’s exceeded beyond its cautionary limit, it has helped the realm of science and human species in wonderful ways. For the betterment of humanity, it’s very helpful for the human species to discover more about human psychology, which would eventually change the way we think about ourselves. That’s it! Now you should check out our final guide, guide for a winning dissertation on principles of psychology, which would help you write and compose a perfect dissertation to wow your professor. References: Schwartz, B. Robbins, S. J. (1995). The Psychology of Learning and Behavior. 4th Ed. WW Norton Co. Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis. New York: Appleton Century Crofts. Stone, E. R., Yates, J. F., Parker, A. M. (1994). Risk communication: Absolute versus relative expressions of low-probability risks. Organizational Behavior Human Decision Processes, 60(3), 387–408. Sutherland, H. J., Lockwood, G. A., Tritchler, D. L., Sem, F., Brooks, L., Till, J. E. (1991). Communicating probabilistic information to cancer patients: Is there noise on the line? Social Science Medicine, 32(6), 725–731. Swenson, R. (2006). Review of clinical and functional neuroscience. Chapter 9 – Limbic system. Dartmouth Medical School. Retrieved from dartmouth.edu/~rswenson/NeuroSci/chapter_9.html Theorell, T., Karasek, R. A. (1996). Current issues relating to psychosocial job strain and cardiovascular disease research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(1), 9–26. Thomas, C. L. (Ed). (1985). Taber’s cyclopedic medical dictionary (15th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company. Thorndike, E. L. (1911). Animal Intelligence. New York: The Macmillan Company. Tversky, A. Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgement under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185(4157), 1124–1131. UCL (University College London). (2011). Whitehall II (also known as the Stress Health Study). Retrieved from ucl.ac.uk/whitehallII/ Webster, R. (1996). Why Freud was wrong: Sin, science, and psychoanalysis. New York, NY: Basic Books. Weinstein, N. D., Klein, W. M. (1996). Unrealistic optimism: Present and future. Journal of Social Clinical Psychology, 15, 1–8. Weiten, W. (2008). Psychology: Themes and variations (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.